2 Bending moment and shear force Stair slabs and landings should be designed to support the most unfavorable arrangements of design loads For example where a span is adjacent to a cantilever of length exceeding one third of the span of the slab the case should be considered of maximum load on the cantilever and minimum load on the adjacent Fiber reinforced concrete is ideal for improving the durability and toughness performance of concrete and mortar Fibers in concrete help reduce shrinkage cracks increase strength increase energy absorption and reduces dangerous spalling at high temperatures In structural engineering a shear wall is a vertical element of a system that is designed to resist in plane lateral forces typically wind and seismic loads In many jurisdictions the International Building Code and International Residential Code govern the design of shear walls A shear wall resists loads parallel to the plane of the wall Collectors also known as drag members transfer The moment and shear developed in the pilasters as a result of this load will depend on the assumed top and bottom support conditions for the pilaster The wall construction consists of 12 in 305 mm hollow concrete masonry units laid in running bond with face shell mortar bedding using Type N portland cement lime mortar Punching shear –e g flat slabs and pad foundations Shear There are three approaches to designing for shear When shear reinforcement is notrequired e g usually slabs When shear reinforcement isrequired e g Beams see Lecture 3 Punching shear requirements e g flat slabs The maximum shear strength in the UK should not exceed

designed form work of concrete is the form which is designed according to the desired form of any structure to be built so they are many type of form work according to the material made of for example timber plastic steel also they areNov 30 2020 nbsp 0183 32 Types of Reinforced Concrete Slabs A monolithic reinforced concrete slab is essentially a statically indeterminate structure For a slab of a given shape and support conditions the distribution of shear forces bending and twisting moments in the slab due to externally applied loads cannot be determined easily 3 5Oct Paul Gregory Bending and Shear in Beams 4 12 Oct Charles Goodchild Analysis 5 19 Oct Paul Gregory Slabs and Flat Slabs 6 26 Oct Charles Goodchild Deflection and Crack Control 7 2 Nov PaulGregory Columns VEd load minus net upward force within the area of the control perimeter 1567 5 –272 x 0 35 2 πx 868 2 868 x 35 x 4 CE 433 Reinforced Concrete Design Summer 2013 Example Slab Design 1 2 Material Properties Geometry compressive strength of concrete f c 5 000 psi span length of slab beam spacing L 18 ft center to center coefficient for depth of stress block 1 0 80 width of supporting beam bsupport 14 in yield strength of reinforcement fy 60 000 psi clear span Ln 16 83 ft L Check shear for earthquake load effects For structural members resisting earthquake loads if the nominal shear strength is less than the shear corresponding to the development of nominal flexural resistance then φshear 0 6 Mn 61 9 ft k ft and the corresponding Vfn 18 6 k ft Vc 2 4000 12 17 5 1000 26 5 k ft gt Vfn 18 6 k ft

FOS Resisting force to sliding Horizontal force causing sliding W Pa 1 55 1 4 0 9 As per IS 456 2000 1 4 0 9 W Pa Design of Shear key If the wall is not safe against sliding then a shear key is to be provided It is provided either below the stem or at the end of heel It should not be provided at the end of toe Feb 08 2022 nbsp 0183 32 Influence of Shear Span to Effective Depth Ratio on Behavior of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams The shear span to effective depth ratio a d is one of the factors governing the shear behavior of reinforced concrete RC beams with or without shear reinforcement In high strength concrete HSC cracks may For plain concrete footings the soil bearing pressure has a negligible effect on the diagonal shear tension at distance t 2 from the face of a column toward the footing edges for reinforced concrete footings the distance from the face of the column is d 2 see Figure 4 2 Therefore the shear force consists of the net upward acting pressure their distribution over the height of the building structure shall be supporting elements or to slabs designed to act as diaphragms Where the connection is through a diaphragm then the member s Special reinforced concrete shear walls 14 2 and 14 2 3 6 5 21 2 5 NL NL 160 160 100 2 Ordinary reinforced concrete shearJun 27 2017 nbsp 0183 32 5 7 1 Critical section for shear near the end support 5 7 2 Shear analysis for a section in the positive moment region 5 7 3 Shear analysis for sections in the negative moment region 5 7 4 Factored bursting resistance 5 7 5 Confinement reinforcement 5 7 6 Force in the longitudinal reinforcement including the effect of the applied shear 6

Referring to the diaphragm in Figure 3 the maximum in plane shear force per unit length in this case occurs along the right side of the diaphragm and is equal to V u max L which must be less than or equal to the in plane design shear strength per unit length given by A Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs 1 Introduction The design of reinforced concrete structural members may be done by two different methods One called working stress design WSD is based on the straight line distribution of compressive stress in the concrete Fig 1 covered in Appendix B by ACI 318 Bs8110 1 1997 structural use of concrete design constructionMar 23 2015 nbsp 0183 32 Flat Slabs 7 The nominal shear stress may be calculated as tv V b d0 where V – is shear force due to design b0 – is the periphery of the critical section d – is the effective depth The permissible shear stress in concrete may be calculated as ks tc where ks 0 5 bc but not greater than 1 where bc is the ratio of short side to long 5 2 Slabs One way slabs ribbed slabs flat slabs 126 5 3 Beams Rectangular and 2400 mm wide T beams 132 6 Walls and stairs 136 6 1 Walls In situ walls tunnel form crosswall and twin wall construction 136 6 2 Stairs In situ and precast stairs 140 7 Derivation of charts and data 142 7 1 In situ elements 142